Contemporary American Poetry and Its Public Worlds Essay

But who has the will to concern himself with such dangerous maybes? For that, one really has to to wait for the advent of a new species of philosophers, such as somehow another and converse taste and propensity from those we have known so far--philosophers of the dangerous maybe in every sense. (Friedrich Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil, sec 2.) This will not be one more lament for the sad state of contemporary American poetry. Yet to define some of the basic strengths of new work I have to begin with what seems like a lament. For perhaps the most important invigorating element for contemporaries is a widespread dissatisfaction with what is called romantic lyricism, poetry based on the dramatization of intense subjective states†¦show more content†¦For poetry to achieve cultural currency, in both senses of that term, it may have to find ways of reconciling the energies of romantic lyricism to overtly rhetorical ambitions and strategies. It will take me a long time to get to those ambitions because I first have to clarify plausible ways of using the concept of poetrys relations to a public world, and then I have to use that discussion in order to dramatize the problems of mediated culture that demand those new strategies. Criticism now seems divided between two basic understandings of how poets can evade romantic lyricism and directly address public worlds. The first is fundamentally agenda-based. Here poetrys relation to the public world consists in its efforts to offer timely statement or testimony responding to pressing social issues, usually as an effort to represent the interests of a specific community. The second option forgoes this emphasis on specific thematic concerns in order to stress instead the overall stances that poets develop. From this perspective it matters less what you say than how you manage to cultivate an ethos that is perceived as representing theShow MoreRelatedHe Went Anything But Gentle Es say1664 Words   |  7 PagesMost contemporary American poetry is characterized by themes of love, death, and family. Dylan Thomas’ poetry, however, does not fall into the typical contemporary mold. Instead of merely writing about social and intellectual issues using free verse, as most of his contemporaries did, he wrote with overwhelming passion and intensity about his own life in strict poetic forms. One of his most famous poems is a villanelle, â€Å"Do not go gentle into that good night†, which he wrote about his dying fatherRead MoreNikki Giovanni: The Princess of Black Poetry Essay1698 Words   |  7 Pagestwentieth-century, when Contemporary Literature was emerging from 1960 to present time, it was seen as a product of the post-Second World War situation. Yolande Cornelia â€Å"Nikki† Giovanni was born in Knoxville, Tennessee and raised in Lincoln Heights, an all-black suburb in Cincinnati. Giovanni is one of the most commonly read American poets; her frankness in her writing has brought her a lot of recognition and prominence. Giovanni became the voice of many African Americans, her contribution to theRead MoreThe Beat Generation Subculture Essay948 Words   |  4 Pagesthe norm. In the 1950s a group of American writers that exemplified this behavior formed. They were called the beat generation. The beat generation was particularly remarkable because although it was began by an exceptionally small group of people, its cultural influence was enormous. The beats rebelled against things like conformity and consumerism in the post World War II society. Their writing challenged both traditional American values and contemporary writing styles. 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(Benson) In â€Å"A Defence of Poetry,† Percy Bysshe Shelley puts forth the claim that poets are the â€Å"unacknowledged legislators of the world† (810). Although Mrs. Bush might disagree, Shelley argues convincingly in favor of such a positionRead MoreLegacy of Leslie Marmon Silko Essay1404 Words   |  6 PagesAlbuquerque, New Mexico to Leland (Lee) Howard Marmon and Mary Virginia Leslie. She is Pueblo Laguna, Mexican and Euro-American heritage. Silko grew up near the Laguna Pueblo Indian Reservation in Southwest New Mexico. She attended both BIA (Bureau of Indian Affairs) schools and parochial schools. Her Native American family made sure she had an understanding of Native American traditions which included storytelling, and a deep appreciation of the land and customs of Native people from her grandmotherRead MorePerhaps We Are Going Away by Ray Bradbury839 Words   |  3 Pagescensorship, especially into artistic ventures, during the cold war was manifested in his work. 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Analysis Of Harper Lees To Kill A Mockingbird - 1210 Words

redujice is not something we are born with; it is something that we grow to learn from who and what surrounds us, things that help to form our identity. Prejudice is an integral theme in Harper Lee’s, To Kill A Mockingbird. Prejudice is evident throughout the novel, not just in the appalling racism but also through, prejudice against different sexual orientations, gender constructs and feminism. Society had certain constructs that had to be met. Throughout To Kill A Mockingbird, Lee breaks the bounds to overcome barriers, and challenge social constructs. This feature article delves into how two different generations, can be affected by the same one issue; two birds, one stone, the 1960s and today’s contemporary society, pained by†¦show more content†¦This is apparent in To Kill A Mockingbird when Calpurnia, the Finch’s maid, has two different ways of speaking, the ‘white’ way, and the ‘coloured way’. When she was around the Finch’s or their company she would speak as eloquently as possible, and when she was amongst friends she would speak more inarticulately. â€Å"Suppose you and Scout talked coloured-folk’s talk at home – it’d be out of place, wouldn’t it? Now what if I talked white-folk’s talk at church, and with my neighbours? They’d think I was puttin’ on airs to beat Moses’ (Lee, p.136). This aspect could resonate with many readers during the 1960s as making your identity conform to other people was quite common. Peo ple used to have to put on accents to fit in. To Kill A Mockingbird is narrated from the perspective of a child which in turn makes the reader question why things are the way they are. After reading the novel, the 1960s generation may have begun to think, if a child, as young as Scout, is able to decipher that the treatment of different social groups and political groups is wrong, then how have we, as adults, come to allow to such unjust treatment of other individuals. In turn, this impacts on the values, attitudes and beliefs of the readers, which make up their identity. â€Å"Those of us who began working in the 1960s and ‘70s live to work. Our identity is wrapped up in what we do. Young people today work to live. They are more concerned about spending time with family and friends† – ElaineShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Harper Lees To Kill A Mockingbird1626 Words   |  7 Pages Pure Hearts Jem and Scout, throughout â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird,† learn to consider things from other people’s perspectives. Atticus, Jem and Scout’s father, says â€Å"you never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view – until you climb into his skin and walk around in† (Lee 39). They learn this through experiences with their neighbor Boo Radley as they mature beyond their years. At the beginning of the novel, Jem and Scout make fun of Boo and assume that all of theRead MoreTheme Of To Kill A Mockingbird1699 Words   |  7 Pages The Pureness of Mockingbirds In 1960, Harper Lee published one of the most controversial books of our time. To kill a mockingbird contains three debatable themes; racism, good and evil, and morals. Harper Lee uses three children and rape trial to portray these topics. These themes are present throughout the story of a small Alabama town divided over a rape trial including an African American man and a young white girl. Lee’s novel is still disputed over to this day. One of the book’s centralRead MoreEssay To Kill a Mockingbird: An Analysis of Discrimination893 Words   |  4 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird: An Analysis of Discrimination The most important theme of the 1960 Pulitzer Prize winning novel To Kill a Mockingbird is author Harper Lee’s tenacious exploration of the moral nature of people. Lee tenaciously explores the moral nature of human beings, especially the struggle in every human soul between discrimination and tolerance. The novel is very effective in not only revealing prejudice, but in examining the nature of prejudice, how it works, and its consequencesRead MoreEssay Justice System in To Kill a Mockingbird897 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough the dedication of Mr. Finch in â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird†, even though it turned out against his favor due to an absence of evidence and a debauched court hearing. This court hearing makes readers question whether or not the justice system of that era was fair and in retrospect, a good question is whether or not our justice system today is fair and lawful. If you think that a false conviction was unfair, Tom is eventually killed for his fals e conviction under a faulty justice system. To meRead MoreRacism And Critical Disposition Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1415 Words   |  6 PagesAn Analysis of Racism and Critical Disposition in Maycomb County Racism was a tremendous issue in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird. It was applied throughout the novel and was increasingly used to judge others in Maycomb’s society. Racism was revealed through the novel to characters Jem, Scout, and Dill who were young children that were learning about the good and evil in the small town they lived in. Racism was a constant and significant topic. There were many aspects that contributed to racismRead MoreA Time to Kill and to Kill a Mockingbird1314 Words   |  6 PagesThe movie based on John Grishams A Time to Kill is a Hollywoodized, modern-day version of To Kill a Mockingbird. Both movies employ many of the same themes and plot elements; but the former movie is one-dimensional and predictable while the latter is innovative and purposeful. The movie version of Harper Lees novel To Kill a Mockingbird is considered a classic film, whereas John Grishams adapted novel is merely another example of the money making efforts of Hollywood . Some of the movies moreRead MoreHow Harper Lees life and childhood influenced her writing of To Kill A Mockingbird2417 Words   |  10 PagesHARPER LEES VIEW OF THE 1930S AS A CHILD Harper Lee is well known for her great contributions towards modern society through her astounding book, To Kill a Mockingbird. The novel is read world-wide, in high schools and colleges because of its in-depth look at the social classes in the south during the 1930s. The book was influenced by society, in particular the social order of the south during her childhood. Lee grew up during this time of controversy which is why she writes so passionately aboutRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Literary Analysis Essay1026 Words   |  5 Pages Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird demonstrates organic unity through the use of literary tools to create, maintain, and amplify the central theme. Lee constructs and develops the theme of social inequality by employing dialogue, irony, and an extended metaphor. Through dialogue, the townspeople show contempt for blacks, viewing them and anyone who treats them as equals as inferior. This is evident in the analysis of the conversations of Bob Ewe ll, Mrs. Dubose, and Francis Hancock where they referRead MoreKill A Mocking Bird By Harper Lee Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesTo Kill a Mocking Bird is a written narrative by Harper Lee. The story is a linked sequence of conflict as seen through the eyes of a little girl named Scout. It looks back at a time when social injustice of prejudice was prevalent. The story if full of interesting characters, some good and some bad, but each very important to the plot of the story. It is very important to understand each of character’s views and the plot of the story as it plays an important role in the overall theme of the storyRead MoreAnimal Farm Paradox Analysis1013 Words   |  5 PagesPublished Sample Analysis: In this part in Animal Farm, the pigs wish to enact rules that will benefit them at the expense of the other animals on the farm. In one of their rules, a paradox is created whose function is to expose the truth that despite governments claiming to treat everyone equal ly, they tend to favor certain groups over others. The paradox is created through the statement that some are more equal than others, which is a contradicting statement because if some are more equal than

Plc Cadbury free essay sample

PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE A company ¶s differentiating and positioning strategy must change as the product, market, and competitors change over time. For that it is important to understand the concept of product life cycle and the changes that are normally made as the product passes through each stage ot the life cycle. THE CONCEPT OF THE PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE 1. Products have limited life. 2. Products sales pass through distinct stages, each posing different challenges, opportunities and problems to the seller. 3. assignment help usa Profit rise and fall at different stages of the product life cycle. 4. Products require different marketing, financial, manufacturing, purchasing, and human resource strategies in such stage of their life cycle. Most product life cycle curves are portrayed as bell-shaped curves. This curve is typically divided into four stages: y y y y Introduction Growth Maturity Decline INTRODUCTION STAGE OF PLC GROWTH STAGE MATURITY STAGE DECLINE STAGE ABOUT THE COMPANY y y y y Cadbury started in 1824 by John Cadbury. We will write a custom essay sample on Plc Cadbury or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In India, Cadbury began its operation in 1948 by importing chocolates. Cadbury India operates in four categories mainly Chocolate Confectionery, Milk Food Drinks, Candy and Gum category. Cadbury enjoys a value market share of over 70%- the highest Cadbury brand share in the world. PRODUCTS HANDLED Indian brands include: y y y y y y y y y Dairy Milk 5 star Perk Tempetation Celebrations Eclairs Gems Bytes Bournvita PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE OF CADBURY ? Cadbury is in its Maturity Stage as its revenue growth was up 12% and in India it grew up by 23%. New add-ons are being added to keep the excitement on and to stay in the market in pace with their competitors. Cadbury has kept a good look on their competitors and does spends a good amount on advertisements by endorsing Brand Ambassadors for Cadbury (Amitabh Bacchan) and also coming with brand extension with new products. 5 Star has come out of its growth stage and entered the Maturity Stage and hence we are seeing few extensions in the product (Crunchy and Fruit Nut) to keep that product developing. ? ? RE LAUNCHING Cadbury is re-launching the product because the product has crossed the maturity stage of the product life cycle. Once the product finishes its maturity level, the sales may start decreasing so in order to increase the sales by 3-5% and keep the product in touch with the competition the product is re-launched. As India is emerging market, hence the company forecasts the sales of the hocolates to grow by 8% after launching 5 Star Jelly in different flavours. Target audience will be small school going kids mostly in rural areas who will give this Rs. 2 as gift to all their friend on their birthday. 5 STAR JELLY Weight (in grams) Price( in Rs) 30 10 15 5 2 2 INGREDIENTS Nougat+Caramel63%, liquid glucose, sugar, hydrogenated vegetable oils, milk solids, cocoa solids, invert sugar, soya solids, salt, emulsifiers( E471), edible gum(412) and acidity regulator(526), milk chocolate 37%, sugar, cocoa butter, milk solids, cocoa solids, emulsifier( E442,E476) +fruit flavor+fruit jelly. FLAVOURS ? ? ? ? Orange Mango Strawberry Pineapple CONCLUSION ? ? Every product has a life cycle and every company focuses on extending it. Cadbury five star is present in the market from various decade so strategies are being made order extend the plc, so that customers can make more use of products. Re-packaging, innovating new flavors and promotional tactics can extend the product life cycle and the product can remain for a longer time in the market. ?

Effective Leadership and Management in Nursing

Question: Discuss the managing patient deterioration or patients with pain in the ED. An example of an incident that required leadership/management skills. Answer: Managing patient deterioration or patients with pain in the ED As a registered nurse, the management and the provision of the care and safety to the patient in every situation is the foremost duty of my profession. During the practice, a nurse has to face several cases where patients are suffering from various ailments. There was one case during my nursing practice involving a lady who was a 70-year-old suffering from intense abdominal pain and was immediately admitted to the emergency department. The management of the elderly patients is sometimes very difficult due to certain barriers faced during the assessment and the treatment and this case also included the same problem. As pain is the subjective experience and there is no objective means or tests to measure the quality and intensity of the pain. Hence, an effective communication is very important for the management of the acute and chronic pain in the patient (Herr et al., 2011). However, as the patient in this case was elder and was also positive for dementia, there was a barrier in the communication, which hindered the assessment of the pain in detail. At that time there was the requirement of the patience and interpersonal skills to encourage the patient to discuss her pain in detail. Moreover, with the help of the training that I had received during my nursing practice, I also kept on observing the behavioral expressions of the patient in determining the intensity of the pain. With the knowledge of the past medical history of the patient and under assistance of the physician, the low dose of the analgesic trial was given to the patient according to the available information regarding the pain for its management (Czarnecki et al., 2011). Description- As the patient was a geriatric patient and had dementia symptoms; I was having issues while communicating with her and it was decreasing the effectiveness of the pain management service Feelings- I felt bad for the patient by looking at her situation and felt bad for the fact that I was not capable of improving her situation. However, I always tried to communicate with her and tried to establish a positive relationship with her. I observed her past medical history and current status and tried to implement the effective pain assessment tools for analyzing her pain severity Evaluation- While evaluating my role for handling this patient, I have analyzed that I have tried to achieve the nursing competency standard; I always repeated facts to combat with her forgetfulness. In this context, I have explored the experiences from nursing training and handled the patient by observing her behavioral expression to assess the intensity of the pain. Conclusion- In conclusion, it can be said that I have tried to assist the patient by evaluating her issue, in spite of the barrier in communication due to her status of dementia and severe pain. Through the help of my management and nursing skills, I tried to establish a care plan for resolving the situation. Action- Finally, I tried to rely on her previous medical history and with the help of a physician started to administer low dose pain medication trial and followed up her improvement throughout 15 successive days. An example of an incident that required leadership/management skills Being a registered nurse, it is important to ensure patients safety and provision of the best quality of work to the patients. For providing the best care service, from my perspectives, the nurse should have the best management and leadership qualities. It is because, being a registered nurse, they have enough responsibilities to manage critical situations in the health care environment. In addition to the patient care services, the registered nurse has to manage many internal issues which might arise in the contemporary health framework within team mates and other health care workers. In this context, the registered nurse has the highest priority to assess the incident and implement the most suitable intervention through her acquired skills and capabilities to resolve those issues, thereby helping the organization to improve the overall quality of service provided (Barr Dowding, 2012). In this context, one incident I have faced an incidence which required the essential management/leadership skills of a nurse leader and I explored the leadership skills for resolving the current issue in that context through the implementation of effective nursing strategies suitable for that situation. I will explain the situation through a reflective framework, the Gibbs Reflective cycle. Gibbs reflective cycle included the five consecutive steps, including description, feelings, evaluation, conclusion and action (Bouch, 2012). Description- During the period of my nursing practice, I have faced a conflict where one of my team mate undertaken a wrong step in the health care settings. She forgot to administer a particular medication to a patient. After addressing her fault, she did not attempted to rectify her fault, in spite of thinking about resolving the situation; she did not inform anyone about the issue. I was not aware of the issue at all. The patient was at a severe condition and missing one dose of his medication could be life threatening. The day after this incidence, she told me about the incident she have done. Feelings- After listening the incident from her, I was initially shocked, thinking about the consequences. I felt shocked thinking about the possible consequences for both the patients and the nursing staff. The patient might have negative consequences due to the missing dose of his essential medication. On the other hand, if the negative consequences happened to the patient, the patient family could sue the nursing staff; her nursing license could be cancelled. Thus, I felt sad for both of them, however, I could not support the nursing staff, as she did not tell anyone about her mistake and did not attempted to recover the situation. Therefore, it could be characterized as an offensive activity. Evaluation- From the situation, I have evaluated that the nurse did not met the nursing competency standards as well as the ethical considerations in the nursing competency framework. I have also analyzed that the patients situation can deteriorate further, if the missing dose is not compensated by an alternative approach, because the patient was in severe condition. I have analyzed the fact that I should convince the nursing staff to inform the situation to the entire health care team and then we could help her to resolve the situation. In this way we can make the situation better. Conclusion- In conclusion, I can say that the nurse did not meet the nursing standards along with the ethical codes which have been set for the nursing practices. In addition, the nurse did not inform the higher authority to resolve this issue. At this situation, with my problem solving skill, I tried to convince her to talks with the entire health care team to resolve the issue. Action- Finally, I have convinced the nurse to talk with the health care team. With a positive attitude, I helped to arrange a meeting with the team and there she talked with the patients physician. At this stage, I requested the physician to talk with the patient party and her apologies to the entire team and patient party. Finally, based on the patients assessment, the physician successfully applied alternative medication to the patient. Through effective communication and management skills, the situation was resolved. Reference List Barr, J. Dowding, L. (2012).Leadership in health care. Los Angeles: SAGE. Bouch, J. (2012). Reflective writing.Advances In Psychiatric Treatment,18(3), 161-161. https://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.18.3.161 Czarnecki, M., Turner, H., Collins, P., Doellman, D., Wrona, S., Reynolds, J. (2011). Procedural Pain Management: A Position Statement with Clinical Practice Recommendations.Pain Management Nursing,12(2), 95-111. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2011.02.003 Herr, K., Coyne, P., McCaffery, M., Manworren, R., Merkel, S. (2011). Pain Assessment in the Patient Unable to Self-Report: Position Statement with Clinical Practice Recommendations.Pain Management Nursing,12(4), 230-250. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2011.10.002 Bibliography Kooienga, S. Wilkinson, J. (2016). RN Prescribing: An Expanded Role for Nursing.Nursing Forum. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12159 Polit, D. Beck, C. (2012).Nursing research. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Sullivan, E. (2012).Effective leadership and management in nursing. Boston: Pearson. Sun, RN, PhD, V., Olausson, RN, MSN, CDE, J., Fujinami, RN, CCM, OCN, R., Chong, RN, MN, NP, C., Dunham, RN, MSN, NP, R., Tittlefitz, RN, MSN, NP-C, T. et al. (2015). The Role of the Advanced Practice Nurse in Survivorship Care Planning.Journal Of The Advanced Practitioner In Oncology,6(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.6004/jadpro.2015.6.1.7 Wald, H., Borkan, J., Taylor, J., Anthony, D., Reis, S. (2012). Fostering and Evaluating Reflective Capacity in Medical Education: Developing the REFLECT Rubric for Assessing Reflective Writing.Academic Medicine,87(1), 41-50. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0b013e31823b55fa Wharton, S. (2012). Presenting a united front: assessed reflective writing on a group experience.Reflective Practice,13(4), 489-501. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14623943.2012.670622

Time management for nurses

Not only do nurses work to gain patients’ trust, but also patients expect nurses to give clinical care (physical, technical, and procedural) and personalized care. According to Dr. Groopman (2005) explains that finding time for patients by health care providers is a therapeutic process, as well as an outcome which requires time and effort.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Time management for nurses specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This involvement involves a process of knowing patients and a dialectic synthesis, through which they can integrate subjective and objective data (Groopman, 2005). They process information subjectively from direct observations of patients and from patients’ representations of their situations. Time management strategies that work best for nurses include analyzing the workday and prioritizing the workload. Depending on the individual situation, available resources, and safet y concerns, different strategies may be selected and implemented. Time may be managed successfully through the use of checklists, delegation, planning ahead, and by dividing large projects or tasks into smaller, more manageable undertakings. However, creating time for patients by health care providers may differ depending on the practice setting. For example, in home health care, Groopman (2005) identified six time management strategies: take control of your calendar, minimize time spent in office, tame the telephone, simplify documentation, plan ahead, and save time for others. Knowing patients has been described as a complex, interpersonal process requiring a number of nursing actions. The process of perceiving /envisioning patients help nurses actively transform observations of patients’ behavior into a direct â€Å"perception of what was significant in it† (Groopman, 2005). It is important for healthcare professionals to find time for patients because of identifyin g their needs and to know what can be done to improve the situation (Groopman, 2005). It allows health care practitioner develop skill in understanding patients’ subjective perceptions and objective clinical status. It allows practitioners expand and revise their knowledge about patients by obtaining direct data about patients’ bodies. Furthermore, spending time with patients helps nurses to understand their concerns about fears and anxieties, their personal preferences, their styles of coping, their stressors, and how to gain their trust (Groopman, 2005). It also builds on the partnership and relationship principles of trust, respect, support, communication, and commitment. The principles of spending time with patients can be used to build all types of partnerships, not only partnership with the patients.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the health care sector, creation of time for the patients is a model that creates structures, tools, standards, and paths to accomplish the goal of healing and promoting wholeness. The impact of finding time for patients is that when patients get the responses they want, they feel good about their encounter with healthcare providers, and their need for positive interaction is satisfied. When patients feel good about their experiences, they are more willing to cooperate and are more likely to repeat their contacts with the practitioner. If their experience is negative, however, they are likely to avoid and limit further treatment. Depending on what is required to complete their care, patients’ avoidance may have very serious consequences. It may cause them to avoid getting needed help, or it may cause them to ignore the healthcare instructions they have been given. Finding time for patients is to establish a therapeutic relationship, which is directed at gaining an effective outcome from care that i s centered on the person person’s needs and life perspectives. Reference Groopman, J. (2005). Finding Time for Patients. Web. This essay on Time management for nurses was written and submitted by user Jav0n to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Student

Free Essays on Student A crust of bread and a corner to sleep in A minute to smile and a hour to weep in A pint of joy to a peck of trouble And never a laugh, but the moans come double A crust and a corner that love makes precious With smiles to warm, and tears to refesh us And Thats Life!...

Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interview - Essay Example So many times, the unit has to work with families as a whole† in order to decrease the safety and risk factors that brought the children into states care in the first place†. Johnson’s job seems extremely difficult because they deal with families that have drug and violence problems, mental health issues and societal dysfunctions.  He is exposed daily to violence and other strenuous situations which could really take its toll in a period of time. Still, he performs his duties and responsibilities to reunite the children back with their parents or legal guardians. However, his department’s goals are seldom achieved. Nevertheless, he still continues to work and do his best to make a better place for Texans to live. With the strain employees can get from the situations described above, Johnson does not say he loves or even enjoys it. He claims though that â€Å"it takes a certain mentality to work at my job†. He tries to explain this by further saying, â€Å"There is a high degree of employee turnover and burn-out. My co-workers are all operating under the same level of stress and workload as I do, so there is an inherent bond we all share related to the understanding of what each co-worker has to deal with on a day to day basis†. ... consciously or unconsciously formed an action that benefits them emotionally and psychologically, assuring each other that they understand how they feel because they are going through similar situations. Probably, the knowledge that one is not alone in his struggles is already a great help for the employees especially for them who are dealing with difficult situations. This seems to be a different story told compared to other companies and departments. Nevertheless, perhaps the bond between the co-workers is more of a necessity that is called for by their circumstances and not an unusual occurrence that happen in their office. One negative impact of Johnson’s job is not having enough time with family. He claims that he loves his family, composed of a great wife and two children and mentions their cat and dog with a smile. He says he would really love to stay with them as much as he can. However, his job places restraints on this desire. He says, â€Å"I am on call 24 hours a day, and could have to go into work at anytime†. He further adds, â€Å"I often work more than an 8 hour day†. Asked how he handles situation between work and family, Johnson says he and his wife handle difficult situations the best way they can. He also informs that they learn from past mistakes and move on into better directions. When inquired if he ever tried some solutions to reduce pressure, he expressed his gratefulness for the counseling support given in their department. He also claims that with the nature of their work, it is not uncommon for the employees to seek counseling with therapists because they deal with really horrific situations. Speaking with therapists largely helps employees cope with stress however Johnson claims that whether or not employees are willing to deal with it is

The Nexus between agency theory and corporate governance Essay

The Nexus between agency theory and corporate governance - Essay Example This essay tries to explain the agency theory and corporate governance in the present day environment. Economists recently are more diverted to the phenomenon of organisation. The recently formulated organisation theory agency theory is different from the ones which existed in the past. Fama (1980) focused at the possible managerial labour market to restrain and guide individual decision-making expedience. In essence all these various statements are construed based on a few simple assumptions. These assumptions according to Donaldson (1990) are construed as a 'theory of interest, motivation and compliance'."Specifically, agency theory is directed at the ubiquitous relationship, in which one party (the principal) delegates work to another (the agent), who performs that work. Agency theory attempts to describe this relationship using the metaphor of a contract" (Eisenhardt, 1989: p58).The neoclassical school analyses the individual who tries to maximise or in the least to satisfy their utility between work and time off. This combination of assumed independence and selfish enthusiasm that is problematic within the relationship of agent and principal. In terms of corporate governance the shareholder is the principal. The problem arises due to the separation of ownership and control.According to Jill Solomon (2007) the failure to corporate governance and corporate crumple can take place in the firmest company. It is possible to seduce the Investors, creditors and employees through a company's repute and achievement. This can even throw caution to the wind. If the agents of economic accountability were intellectuals, as it is a must based on the economic and finance theory, this form of sightlessness could never occur. But the problem is that it does happen, investors behave rationally not always, and the factors of human behaviour and psychology are tricky to fit in a finance framework or an economic hypothesis. Cases of irrational behaviour in the UK during the 198 0s were that of Polly Peck and Coloroll. This was a case when the capitalist found very important information relating to contingent liabilities were missing from the accounts of these companies (Smith et all, 1992). Differences between managers and shareowners Agency theory brings up a basic problem in organizations and that is self-interested conduct. The managers of a corporation normally have their own goals which often cross roads with the proprietor's goal of maximising shareholder wealth. As it is the shareholders who give power to the managers to manage the firm's wealth, a prospective difference of opinion arises between the two groups. Agency Cost How does the agent that is the company directors serve the principal that is the shareholders is the question. The solution lies in accepting certain agency costs. These costs involve either in producing incentives or approve which adjust executive egoism with the concerns of shareholders. Or else they may be involved in supervising executive behaviour in order to restrain their self-interest. This led to the development of the number of non-executives on the company boards. Also it resulted in augmented arrangement of their function and considerations of freedom, leading to reforms all over the world. The separation of the part played by the chief executive and that played by the non-executive has been made a part of this reform. The establishment of audit, compensation, and recommendations committees is actually independent non-executives appointed to assure the proper use of the incentives and also to check the performance of the executives. These internal controls

Operation Strategy w3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Operation Strategy w3 - Essay Example The difficulty is the services marketing arises because there is an absence of any physical product in the business. The customer’s needs vary from one individual to another and because of this reason; services have to be modified in order to serve each client. There are four basic process strategies that are described as follows: - The strategy focuses on the product as the name suggests and it works towards the betterment of product and service quality (van de ven, 1992). The low level of standardization is used while; the product designed is generic in nature. This strategy requires the division of a process into various steps and these steps are taken separately in order to minimize the possibility of an error (van de ven, 1992). The assembly line manufacturing is a common instance. The strategy focuses on designing a specific product for a client so that his or her needs can be fulfilled optimally (van de ven, 1992). The customer satisfaction is the ultimate concern of this approach. The example includes the garment shop that is vending professional suiting for both males and females. The concept is to take a specific order in the light of purchaser’s buying power and other aspects. The idea is to maximize customer satisfaction. Reimann, M., Schilke, O., & Thomas, J. (2010). Customer relationship management and firm performance: the mediating role of business strategy. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 38 (3) ,

The Different Scopic Orders Of The Modern Era Film Essay

The Different Scopic Orders Of The Modern Era Film Essay The modern era has allegedly been dominated by the sense of sight, in a way that has seen it set apart from the premodern era and the postmodern era. In his text Scopic Regimes of Modernity Martin Jay draws our attention to scopic order in the modern era, which is an area with many conflicting views that are not often in alignment with each other. Jay argues the point that there may not be one unified scopic regime, a term used by french film theorist Christian Metz, and that there is room for argument with the idea that there are a number of competing regimes associated with the modern era. Jay looks at the mirror of nature, a metaphor in philosophy by Richard Forty, the emphasis of surveillance that was put forward by Michel Foucault, and the society of the spectacle argued by Guy Debord. Jay also goes on to look at the arguably dominant scopic regime known as Cartesian Perspectivalism, what is normally claimed to be the dominant, even totally hegemonic, visual model of the modern era. Also discussed are the major competitors to Cartesian Perspectivalism, which includes mapping, which is, a visual culture very different from what we associate with Renaissance perspective, one which Svetlana Alpers has recently called The Art of Describing. and the third model of vision, which is best identified with the baroque. Wà ¶lfflin later called it, the classical style, the baroque was painterly, recessional, soft-focused, multiple, and open in his study, Renaissance and Baroque. Jacqueline Roses quote used by Jay to back up his opinion that there are many views which come into play when discussing the subject of scopic regimes, our previous history is not the petrified block of a single visual space since, looked at obliquely, it can always be seen to contain its moment of unease. (Rose, 1986, p.232-233.) Jays argument continues with him writing about the idea that this subject is not one of solidity. Bringing in the notion that the topic of, scopic regimes of modern ity, is best discussed on what he describes as, contested terrain, rather then harmoniously integrated complex of visual theories and practices. Modernity has often been considered resolutely ocular-centric, which is the act of basing all experience on the perception of the eyes, with sight being very direct and centered. The invention of printing reinforced the advantage of visual aids such as the telescope, which with its con-vexed lens helped expand the apparent angular size of distant objects. Along with the microscope, which aids the eye to see objects that are too small visually for the naked eye. These inventions helped put more emphasis on sight and vision. It is difficult to deny that the visual sense has been dominant in modern western culture in a wide variety of different ways, with Martin Jay calling visionthe master sense of the modern era. Scopic Regime, a term first coined by French film theorist Christian Metz in his book The Imaginary Signifier a study on cinema and psychoanalysis. It was used to distinguish the differences from the cinema to the theatre. What defines the specifically cinematic scopic regime is not so much the distance kept, the keeping itself (first figure of the lack, common to all voyeurism), as the absence of the object seen. (Metz, 1982, p.61.) The cinema is profoundly different from the theatre as also from more intimate voyeuristic activities with a specifically erotic aim. METZ It is the last recess that is attacked by the cinema signifier, it is in its precise emplacement that it installs a new figure of the lack, the physical absence of the object seen. In the theatre, actors and spectators are present at the same time and in the same location, hence present one to another, as the two protagonists of an authentic perverse couple. But in the cinema, the actor was present when the spectator was not (shooting), and the spectator is present when the actor is no longer. (Projection). A failure to meet of the voyeur and the exhibitionist whose approaches no longer coincide. (they have missed one another) The cinemas voyeurism must do without any very clear mark of consent on the part of the object. There is no equivalent here of the theater actors final bow. And then the latter could see their voyeurs, the game was less unilateral, slightly better distributed. In the darkened hall, the voyeur is really left alone.(P.63) In this text, Metz develops an analysis between film spectatorship and voyeurism. According to him, enhancing the essential property of the voyeuristic gaze that of keeping the desired, seen object at a safe distance from the viewing subject cinema locates its own data in the for- ever inaccessible, in a realm which is incessantly desirable but that can never be possessed, in the scene of absence. Cinema, in other words, shows us the world, and at the same time it takes it away from us. As Metz writes,  «what defines the properly cinematographic scopic regime is not the maintained distance, nor the care exerted in maintaining it, but the sheer absence of the seen object. Cinema is therefore a form of absolute voyeurism: it is founded on an unbridgeable distance, on a total inaccessibility. 3) Emphasize the prevalence of surveillance with Michael Foucault Our society is not one of spectacle, but of surveillanceWe are neither in the amphitheater, nor on the stage, but in the panoptic machine, invested by its effects of power, which we bring to ourselves since we are part of its mechanism. (Foucault, 1979, p.127.) Among French intellectuals in the 1960s and 1970s it was Michel Foucault who most explicitly interrogated the gaze of surveillance and Guy Debord and his situationist international collaborators who explored the vision of the spectacle. Together they provided an array of different arguments looking from different perspectives against the hegemony of the eye. With their work, the ocular-centrism of those who praised the nobility of sight was not so much rejected, as reversed in value. Vision was still the privileged sense, but what that privilege produced in the modern world was damned as almost entirely corrupting. Foucault called it the unimpeded empire of the gaze. (Foucault, 1973, p.39.) and Guy Debord called it society of the spectacle. (Debord, 1981, p.25.) Gilles Deleuze characterized Foucaults work as a duel investigation of articulable statements and fields of visibilities. Deleuze stated that Foucault continued to be fascinated by what he saw as much as by what he heard or read, and the archaeology he conceived of is an audiovisual archive Foucault never stopped being a voyant at the same time as he marked philosophy with a new style of statement. (Deleuze, 1988, p.50.) Allan Megill, a philosophical writer, has claimed that in his earlier more structuralist moments, Foucault was himself intent on portraying a lucent Apollonian world (Megill, 1983, p.218) within which ocular-centrism was neutrally accepted. The vision that should be incorporated into psychoanalysis Foucault insisted, had to be understood phenomenologically, taking into account the livid spatial experience that emerged from the bodys intertwining with the world. Authentic versions of that experience were undermined, he claimed if vision was reduced to its traditional Cartesian spectral role based on the dualism of subject and object. Foucault was drawn to Belgian Surrealist painter Renà © Magritte, Magrittes work frequently displays a juxtaposition of ordinary objects in an unusual context, giving new meanings to familiar things. The representational use of objects as other than what they seem is typified in his painting, The Treachery of Images, which depicts a pipe that looks as though it is a model for a tobacco store advert. Magritte painted below the pipe ceci nest pas une pipe translated it means This is not a pipe, Which would appear to be a contradiction, but in reality it is a true statement. The painting is no t a pipe, just an image of a pipe. When Magritte was once asked about his painting, he replied that of course it was not a pipe, just try and fill it with tobacco. Magritte used the same approach in a painting of an apple, he painted the fruit realistically and then used an internal caption to deny that the item was an apple. In these works Magritte points out that no matter how closely through art we come to depicting an item accurately we never actually catch the item itself. Foucault explored a more visibly explicit version of interaction within Magrittes work, he described Magrittes canvases as the opposite of trompe loeil which is an art technique involving extremely realistic imagery in order to create the optical illusion that the depicted objects appear in three dimensions because of their understanding of the mimetic conventions of realistic painting. Foucault also referred to them as unraveled calligrams as they refused to close the gap between the image and the world. Resemblance serves representation which rules over it; similitude serves repetition, which ranges across it. Resemblance predicates itself upon a model it must return to and reveal; similitude circulates the simulacrum as an indefinite and reversible relation of the similar to the similar. (Levy, 1990, p.44) The Panopticon (all-seeing) functioned as a round-the-clock surveillance machine. Its design ensured that no prisoner could ever see the inspector who conducted surveillance from the privileged central location within the radial configuration. The prisoner could never know when he was being surveilled mental uncertainty that in itself would prove to be a crucial instrument of discipline. French philosopher Michel Foucault described the implications of Panopticism in his 1975 work Discipline Punish: The Birth of the Prison Hence the major effect of the Panopticon: to induce in the inmate a state of conscious and permanent visibility that assures the automatic functioning of power. So to arrange things that the surveillance is permanent in its effects, even if it is discontinuous in its action; that the perfection of power should tend to render its actual exercise unnecessary; that this architectural apparatus should be a machine for creating and sustaining a power relation independent of the person who exercises it; in short, that the inmates should be caught up in a power situation of which they are themselves the bearers. To achieve this, it is at once too much and too little that the prisoner should be constantly observed by an inspector: too little, for what matters is that he knows himself to be observed; too much, because he has no need in fact of being so. In view of this, Bentham laid down the principle that power should be visible and unverifiable. Visible: the inmate will constantly have befo re his eyes the tall outline of the central tower from which he is spied upon. Unverifiable: the inmate must never know whether he is being looked at at any one moment; but he must be sure that he may always be so. In order to make the presence or absence of the inspector unverifiable, so that the prisoners, in their cells, cannot even see a shadow, Bentham envisaged not only venetian blinds on the windows of the central observation hall, but, on the inside, partitions that intersected the hall at right angles and, in order to pass from one quarter to the other, not doors but zig-zag openings; for the slightest noise, a gleam of light, a brightness in a half-opened door would betray the presence of the guardian. The Panopticon is a machine for dissociating the see/being seen dyad: in the peripheric ring, one is totally seen, without ever seeing; in the central tower, one sees everything without ever being seen. Foucault also compares modern society with Jeremy Benthams Panopticon design for prisons (which was unrealized in its original form, but nonetheless influential): in the Panopticon, a single guard can watch over many prisoners while the guard remains unseen. Ancient prisons have been replaced by clear and visible ones, but Foucault cautions that visibility is a trap. It is through this visibility, Foucault writes, that modern society exercises its controlling systems of power and knowledge (terms Foucault believed to be so fundamentally connected that he often combined them in a single hyphenated concept, power-knowledge). Increasing visibility leads to power located on an increasingly individualized level, shown by the possibility for institutions to track individuals throughout their lives. Foucault suggests that a carceral continuum runs through modern society, from the maximum security prison, through secure accommodation, probation, social workers, police, and teachers, to our e veryday working and domestic lives. All are connected by the (witting or unwitting) supervision (surveillance, application of norms of acceptable behaviour) of some humans by others. Or look into the society of the spectacle with Guy Debord The entire life of societies in which modern conditions of production reign announces itself as an immense accumulation of spectacles. Everything that was directly lived has moved away into representation. (Debord, 1977, par.1.) With the term spectacle, Debord defines the system that is a confluence of advanced capitalism, the mass media, and the types of governments who favor those phenomena. The spectacle is the inverted image of society in which relations between commodities have supplanted relations between people in which passive identification with the spectacle supplants genuine activity. The spectacle is not a collection of images, writes Debord rather, it is a social relationship between people that is meditated by images. In his analysis of the spectacular society, Debord notes that quality of life is impoverished, with such lack of authenticity human perceptions are affected, and theres also a degradation of knowledge with the hindering of critical thought. 4) Cartesian Perspectivalism, is normally considered the dominant hegemonic scopic regime of the modern era. It is a way of seeing both then and now, a method of perception that represents space and the subjects and objects in that space according to the rules of Euclidean geometry. Renaissance painters, such as Brunelleschi, and Alberti, who was known as a draftsman rather than a painter, developed a geometric space complimentary to the mathematical space of Descartess philosophy. Perspective in painting projects a plane onto its object of study and creates a one-to-one correspondence between points on the plane and points on the canvas. Brunelleschi, who is traditionally accorded to the honor of being the practical inventor of perspective, he begun by using architectural figures such as buildings, ceilings, and tiled floors which easily match the grid structure of the projective plane.   Later, other objects were fitted and shaped within the geometrical patterning of linear perspect ive. Alberti is acknowledged, almost universally, as being the first theoretical interpreter of perspective. He regarded mathematics as the common ground for art and sciences. I will take first from the mathematicians those things which my subject is concerned. (Alberti DELLA PITTURA) The scopic regime that was interpreted Descartes philosophy is usually identified with Renaissance notions of perspective in the visual arts and the Cartesian ideas of subjective rationality in philosophy. Art historian William Ivins, Jr., in his Art and Geometry of 1946 said that the history of art during the five hundred years that have elapsed since Alberti wrote has been little more than the story of slow diffusion of his ideas through the artists and peoples of Europe. Richard Rorty discussed Descartes ideas in his writing Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature, published in 1979. He claimed, in the cartesian model the intellect inspects entities modeled on retinal images In Descartes conception the one that become the basis for modern epistemology it is representations which are in the mind. These two prominent social commentators, have illustrated their view which is considered to be be equivalent to our view of the modern scopic regime. The aforementioned quotes assume that Ca rtesian perspectivalism is the main visual model of modernity, these authors believe it best expresses a natural experience of sight validated by the scientific world view. (maybe say it in a simplified form too.) In his famous essay Perspective as Symbolic Form, Panofsky, a German art historian, highlights the break made through linear perspective by contrasting Renaissance painting with that of Greek and Medieval works.  Ã‚   Prior to the Renaissance, painting concerned itself with individual objects, but the space which they inhabited failed to embrace or dissolve the opposition between bodies.   Space acted as a simple superposition, a still unsystematic overlapping.  Ã‚   With linear perspective comes an abstract spatial system capable of ordering objects: As various as antique theories of space were, none of them succeeded in defining space as a system of simple relationships between height, width and depth.   In that case, in the guise of a coordinate system, the difference between front and back, here and there, body and nonbody would have resolved into the higher and more abstract concept of three-dimensional extensions, or even, as Arnold Geulincx puts it, the concept of a corpus generaliter sumptum (body taken in a general sense). (Panofsky, 1991, p.43-44.) Jay says This new concept of space was geometrically isotropic, rectilinear, abstract, and uniform. The three-dimensional, rationalized space of perspectival vision could be rendered on a two-dimensional surface by following all of the transformational rules spelled out in Albertis De Pittura, and later agreements by Viator and Dà ¼rer. A basic painting device occurred from these findings with the use of symmetrical visual pyramids, or cones, with one of their apexes receding towards the vanishing point in the painting, the other into the eye of the painter. Significantly the eye was singular, and not the normal two eyes of binocular vision. The device was made in the manner that just one eye would be looking through a peep-hole (Kemp Science in art pg 13) at a scene in front of it. Brunelleschi used a peep-hole and mirror system for viewing this perspective demonstration of the Florentine Baptistery. Brunelleschi had drilled a small hole in a panel of wood at a point equivalent to that at which his line of sight had struck the Baptistery along a perpendicular axis. The spectator was required to look through this drilled hole from the back of the panel at a mirror held in such a way, so that it would reflect the image. The eye of the viewer would be fixated and unblinking rather than dynamic. In Norman Brysons terms it followed the logic of the Gaze rather than the Glance, which produced one single point of view. Bryson, who is an art theorist, calls this the Founding Perception of the Cartesian perspectivalist tradition. the gaze of the painter arrests the flux of phenomena, contemplates the visual field from a vantage-point outside the mobility of duration, in an eternal moment of disclosed presence; while in the moment of viewing, the viewing subject unites his gaze with the Founding Perception, in a moment of perfect recreation of that first epiphany. With this visual order arose many implications, with the abstract coldness of the perspectival gaze, which meant the painters emotional connection with the objects they depicted in geometricalized space was lost. The gap between spectacle and spectator widened. Cartesian perspectivalism has, in fact, been the target of a widespread philosophical critique, which has denounced its privileging of an ahistorical, disinterested, disembodied subject entirely outside of the world it claims to know only from afar. (Jay Cartesian perspectivalism itself that it suggest it was not quite as uniformly coercive as is sometimes assumed. Although artificial perspective was the dominant model, its competitor was never entirely forgotten. John White, an artist, distinguishes between what he terms artificial perspective, in which the mirror held up to nature is flat, and synthetic perspective, in which that mirror is presumed to be concave, thus producing a curved rather than planar space on the canvas. The Cartesian perspectivalist tradition contained a potential for internal contestation in the possible uncoupling of the painters view of the scene from that of the presumed beholder. Norman Bryson identifies this development with Johannes Vermeer , who represents for him a second state perspectivalism even more discarnated that that of Alberti. The bond with the viewers physique is broken and the viewing subjectis now proposed and assumed as a notional point, a non-empirical Gaze. This observation opens up more consideration, that there is an alternative scopic regime, that may be understood as more than a sub-variant of Cartesian perspectivalism. 5) Mapping, or as Svetlana Alpers called, The Art of Descriping. A visual culture very different from what is associated with the Renaissance perspective. According to Alpers the hegemonic role of Italian painting in art history has occluded an appreciation of a second influential tradition which flourished during the seventeenth-century Dutch art. contrast realist and naturalist fictionthat the Italian Renaissance art, for all its fascination with the techniques of perspective, still held fast to the storytelling function for which they were used. GEORGE LUKACS Summarizing the contrasts between the art of describing and Cartesian perspectivalism, Alpers points out the following oppositions: attention to many small things versus a few large ones; light reflected off objects modeled by light and shadow; the surface of objects, their colours and textures, dealt with rather than their placement in a legible space; an unframed image versus one than is clearly framed; one with no clearly situated viewer compared to one with such a viewer. The distinction follows a hierarchical model of distinguishing between phenomena commonly referred to as primary and secondary: objects and space versus the surfaces, forms versus the textures of the world. (ALPERS) The non-mathematical impulse of this tradition accords well with the indifference to hierarchy, proportion, and analogical resemblances characteristic of Cartesian perspectivalism. Instead it casts its eye on the fragmentary, detailed, and richly articulated surface of a world it is content to describe rather than explain. 6) Baroque Painting The third model of vision, best identified with the baroque. As early as 1888, and Heinrich Wà ¶fflins study, Renaissance and Baroque, art historians have been tempted to find connections between the two styles in both painting and architecture. In opposition to the lucid linear, solid, fixed, planimetric, closed form of the Renaissance, or as Wà ¶lfflin called it, the classical style, the Baroque was painterly, recessional, soft-focused, multiple and open. The Baroque style began as somewhat of a continuation of the Renaissance. Later, however, scholars of the time began to see the drastic differences between the two styles as the Renaissance style gave way to Baroque art. Baroque architecture, sculpture, and painting of a dramatic nature were powerful tools in the hands of religious and secular absolutism, and flourished in the service of the Catholic Church and of Catholic monarchies. The Baroque artists were particularly focused on natural forms, spaces, colors, lights, and the relationship between the observer and the literary or portrait subject in order to produce a strong, if muted, emotional experience. The Council of Trent (1545-63), in which the Roman Catholic Church answered many questions of internal reform raised by both Protestants and by those who had remained inside the Catholic Church, addressed the representational arts by demanding that paintings and sculptures in church contexts should speak to the illiterate rather than to the well-informed. Due to this Baroque art tends to focus on Saints, the Virgin Mary, and other well known Bible stories. Religious painting, history painting, allegories, and portraits were still considered the most noble subjects, but landscapes, still life, and genre scenes rapidly gained notoriety. Nativity by Josefa de Óbidos, 1669, National Museum of Ancient Art, Lisbon Rorty, Richard, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979) Rose, Jacqueline, Sexuality in the Field of Vision (London: Verso, 1986) p.232-233. Metz, Christian, The Imaginary Signifier: Psychoanalysis and the Cinema (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1982), p.61. Foucault, Michael, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, trans, Alan Sheridan (New York, 1979), p.217. Foucault, The Birth of the Clinic: An Archaeology of Medical Perception, trans. A.M. Sheridan (London, 1973), p.39. Debord, Society of the Spectacle. trans. Ken Knabb (Berkeley, 1981), p.25. Deleuze, Gilles, Foucault, trans. and ed. Sean Hand (Minneapolis, 1988), p.50. Megill, Allan, Prophets of Extremity: Nietzche, Heidegger, Foucault and Derrida (Berkeley, 1985), p.218. Levy, Silvano, Foucault on Magritte and Resemblance, The Modern Language Review, 85,1 (January 1990), p.44. Debord, Guy, Society of the Spectacle (Detroit 1977), par.1. Panofsky, Erwin.   Perspective as Symbolic Form. New York: Zone Books, 1991. 41-43.

The Significance of Chapter 5 to Mary Shelleys Frankenstein :: Papers

The Significance of Chapter 5 to Mary Shelley's Frankenstein Chapter 5 has a significant part in the novel Frankenstein as a whole because it links to what happens later in the story. This is shown by the language, setting, character's behaviour, the relationship to gothic tradition and contemporary issues. Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, which is a very well know gothic horror story was first published in 1818, where traditional gothic conventions are used. Mary Shelley was born on the 30th, August, 1797 and she first met Percy Bysshe Shelley and immediately fell in love with him and later on got married. However society didn't approve with their marriage because he was already a married man and she was only 16 and they weren't married to each other. Victor Frankenstein was born in Genevese, which is mentioned in the opening paragraph, "I am by birth a Genevese, and my family is one of the most distinguished of that republic." The basic story of Frankenstein is about a monster that was created by Victor and when he discovered this he was shocked. Since this day close family has been murdered and the monster has been following Victor. A lot of suspicious things have happened and until the end of the story Victor is fighting against the Monster. The monster finally dies and Victor's ambition is complete in destroying the monster. The past of the novel gives a contemporary significance as it brings forward the subject of cloning and stem cell research, which is a controversial subject matter today. Frankenstein's monster is created by Victor, this brings the matter forward of cloning and stem cell research, as Victor would have needed to do a lot of research before completing his creation. The novel shows that by creating clones, it doesn't always turn out to plan, as Frankenstein's monster turns out to be evil and commits several murders. In the novel it has many modern gothic conventions. In Frankenstein there are boundaries between life and death and emphasise on real horror. Mary Shelley explores the darker side of the human psyche and

How to Conduct a Theatre Audition

How to Conduct a Theatre Audition When conducting auditions for a play, it is of utmost importance to establish an attitude of professionalism from the get-go. One must pay attention to detail and manage human resources well in order to make accurate casting decisions. Like any employer, directors must be careful to cast each role with the right candidate. Therefore, it is crucial that producers and directors preemptively take care of logistical issues so that they may focus on each actor's audition. 1. Step 1Secure a place and a time for your auditions. Studio spaces, vacant theaters, and conference rooms provide a professional atmosphere and ample space. You should book this space at least a month in advance. If you are auditioning for a musical, ensure that the room has good acoustics and make arrangements to hire an accompanist and a choreographer. 2. Step 2 Inform Stage Management of the time and place of auditions. If you do not have a Stage Manager or ASM yet, then ask your fr iends if they would be willing to help you conduct auditions.It is vitally important that you have at least two other people help you with the audition process. 3. Step 3 Write a breakdown of the roles that you need to cast. You should include the approximate age, gender, and race of each character, if applicable. Include contact information so that the actors can make an appointment and send headshots and resumes. 4. Step 4 Go through the play and select scenes that will give the actors the ability to show their stuff. These are called sides. Make sure you have someone in the room to read with the actors. 5.Step 5 Get the word out. Place ads in theatre magazines, send audition notices to agents, send out blast e-mails, etc. You need to make sure everyone knows about your auditions. 6. Step 6 On the day of the audition, arrive at the theater an hour before auditions are scheduled to begin. Bring copies of the play, a production schedule, a pen, paper, and a folder. Ask your Assistan t Stage Manager to serve as a receptionist. Your Stage Manager should be in the audition room with you. 7. Step 7 When an actor walks into the audition room, greet them kindly.Auditions make many actors nervous. Ask them to begin their audition when they are ready. When they are finished, simply thank them and then make detailed notes about their audition. 8. Step 8 When you have finished with auditions, go home and organize the headshots by character. Narrow down your choices. If you are having callbacks, then notify your Stage Manager which actors have secured a callback. If not, then make your casting decisions and notify your Stage Manager, who will in turn notify the actors.

Six Ways to Make Your Editor Happy and Get More Story Assignments

Six Ways to Make Your Editor Happy and Get More Story Assignments Frequently writing coaches teach how to break into the magazine market, but not how to build a relationship with an editor well enough to become a regular contributor. After freelancing for eight years (including regular columns for several publications), I accepted the position of editor for a regional lifestyle magazine. Since joining the magazine staff, Ive come to wish every freelancer could spend enough time in an editors shoes to learn both sides of the business. Editors generally give new writers a chance with a short, front-of-the-book piece to see what they can do. Some never get a second chance. Others lose their foothold after several stories. If you struggle to develop a long-term relationship with the publications you wish to work with on a regular basis, see if any of these tips apply to you. Be punctual - Think this is self-explanatory? You wouldnt believe how many times Ive had to email a writer to ask for a late assignment. Late assignments clog the flow of everything, from copyediting to layout to printing. If your stories frequently hold up progress, expect your future queries to fall on deaf ears. Know your reader - Magazines generally have a demographic that encompasses education level, economic means and geographic location. As highly as we like to think of our own writing, remember the average American reads on a seventh grade level. If you are writing for the typical consumer magazine, nix the words nefarious and ubiquitous and speak the language of the people. If you see ads in the magazine for Rolex watches and Saks Fifth Avenue, dont assume the reader will want to read how to score big at Goodwill. Also, dont pitch articles to regional publications highlighting attractions outside of their geographic area. Be a servant - Freelance writers provide a service for the publication. That makes them servants, not celebrities, divas or gods. My first week on the job as editor, I had an irate writer demand a retraction for the edits I made to her story. She never respectfully questioned my changes. She demanded and threatened because, as a self-proclaimed prominent member of the community, she was embarrassed that the end product wasnt her work. Unfortunately, her work read like a list of facts, lacking life and quotes from real people. That said Provide life - Never turn in a story for which you havent interviewed a real person, in person. Dont tell me about those five places to go canoeing, let the man in the canoe tell m - in his words. Avoid emailing interview questions. You miss the opportunity to get random comments and the tone of voice, posture and facial expressions that prompt you to dig deeper. At least use the telephone. Make technology your friend Editors do not have the time, nor the desire, to teach you how to download a contract and sign and return it - electronically. If you cannot handle the technology required to become a regular contributor to the publication, the editor will not invite you to become one. Keep your emails organized When submitting a query, create a fresh email with your topic in the subject line. Then, when you follow up with questions, your editor wont have to search for 15 minutes to find the original query. I could go on. But if you can master just these few tips, and your writing is clean and your ideas are fresh, I guarantee any editor would love to have you on board.

How to pronounce Li Keqiang, Chinas premier

How to pronounce Li Keqiang, Chinas premier In this article, we will look at how to pronounce Li Keqiang (æ Å½Ã¥â€¦â€¹Ã¥ ¼ º), the   Premier of the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China. First, I will give you a quick and dirty way if you just want to have a rough idea how to pronounce the name. Then I’ll go through a more detailed description, including analysis of common learner errors. Pronouncing names in Chinese Pronouncing names in Chinese can be very hard if you havent studied the language; sometimes its hard even if you have. Many letters used to write the sounds in Mandarin (called Hanyu Pinyin) dont match the sounds they describe in English, so simply trying to read a Chinese name and guess the pronunciation will lead to many mistakes. Ignoring or mispronouncing tones will just add to the confusion. These mistakes add up and often become so serious that a native speaker would fail to understand. Read more about how to pronounce Chinese names. The quick and dirty way of pronouncing Li Keqiang Chinese names usually consist of three syllables, with the first being the family name and the last two the personal name. There are exceptions to this rule, but it holds true in a vast majority of cases. Thus, there are three syllables we need to deal with. Listen to the pronunciation here while reading the explanation. Repeat yourself! Li - Pronounce as lee.Ke - Pronounce as cu- in curve.Qiang - Pronounce as chi- in chin plus ang- in angry. If you want want to have a go at the tones, they are low, falling and rising respectively. Note: This pronunciation is not correct pronunciation in Mandarin. It represents my best effort to write the pronunciation using English words. To really get it right, you need to learn some new sounds (see below). How to actually pronounce Li Keqiang If you study Mandarin, you should never ever rely on English approximations like those above. Those are meant for people who dont intend to learn the language! You have to understand the orthography, i.e. how the letters relate to the sounds. There are many traps and pitfalls in Pinyin you have to be familiar with. Now, lets look at the three syllables in more detail, including common learner errors: LÇ  (third tone) - The l is a normal l as in English. Note that English has two variants of this sound, one light and one dark. Compare the l in light and full. The latter has a darker character and is pronounced farther back (its velarised). You want the light version here. The i in Mandarin is further forward and upward compared to i in English. Your tongue tip should be as far up and forward as possible while still pronouncing a vowel! Ke (fourth tone) - The second syllable is not that hard to pronounced okay, but is hard to get completely right. The k should be aspirated. The e is similar to the e in the English word the, but farther back. To get it completely right, you should have about the same position as when you say the [o] in Pinyin po, but your lips shouldnt be rounded. However, it will still be perfectly understandable if you dont go that far. Qiang (second tone) - The initial here is the only tricky part. q is an aspirated affricate, which means that it is the same a s Pinyin x, but with a short stop t in front and with aspiration. The tongue tip should be down, lightly touching the teeth ridge behind the lower teeth. The are some variations for these sounds, but Li Keqiang (æ Å½Ã¥â€¦â€¹Ã¥ ¼ º) can be written like this in IPA: [liÌ€ kÊ °Ã‰ ¤ tÉ•Ê °jaÅ‹] Conclusion Now you know how to pronounce Li Keqiang (æ Å½Ã¥â€¦â€¹Ã¥ ¼ º). Did you find it hard? If you’re learning Mandarin, dont worry; there arent that many sounds. Once you’ve learnt the most common ones, learning to pronounce words (and names) will become much easier!

Two Opposing Perspectives on Egoism of Nietsche and Kierkegaard Essay

Two Opposing Perspectives on Egoism of Nietsche and Kierkegaard - Essay Example Nietzsche, on the other hand, might not have explicitly mentioned the atheistic foundation of his argument in his statement in Gay Science No. 304 but it is clear that he insisted that man should not be controlled by any rule or principle that restrains him from doing what he wants. Apparently, Nietzsche and Kierkegaard also differed in their views when it comes to their treatment of the ego or the individual. For Nietzsche, the individual is supreme and it is only by being so that he frees himself from the clutches of any entity that could hinder his struggle to achieve happiness. Rules that are imposed on him that tend to impede his freedom of movements must, therefore, be removed or repudiated. Kierkegaard, on the other hand, insisted that man should always consider the existence of a higher entity, God. Kierkegaard argued that man is governed by the rules of the Supreme Being and because of this there are limits to his freedom. However, it is necessary to discuss each of the key statements made by both modern philosophers in a more profound manner. The result of such discussion should clarify the opposing perspectives regarding egoism. No. 304 of Nietzsche’s Gay Science is a very explicit statement that describes the author’s personal conviction regarding the primacy of the individual. The last part of the section actually sums up in the most profound manner what he believed in. Nietzsche wrote: â€Å"I do not mean to strive with open eyes for my impoverishment; I do not like any of the negative virtues whose very essence is negation and self-renunciation.† (244) The previous sentences that led to this conclusion are highly critical of the set-up wherein man is ruled by laws that mostly pertain to activities or actions that should not be done. This results into an environment or a society in which people are restrained from undertaking efforts that they may deem as beneficial to them individually. Consequently, individuals are also depr ived of the chance to live happily according to their respective definitions of it. In the statement, Nietzsche asserts that he does not wish to live under such conditions and that he opposes all rules that results in these. Apparently, Nietzsche does not see the necessity of discussing the bases of the laws or rules which he points out as restrictive and violating of individual freedom. It is also clear that it does not matter whether such rules are secular or borne out of religious beliefs. As long as these explicitly tell man what not to do, then these deserve to be opposed. For Nietzsche, the argument against such restrictions should not be anchored on the cost-benefits analysis for society. It is in the actual effects that these produce on the individual. If such laws impede or hinder the individual, then these are not justified. It does not matter whether these are supposedly important for social order or whether these are for the common good. For Nietzsche, if it is restricti ve in essence then it is deplorable. It is quite obvious that he has made the individual as the center for all his arguments, which runs contrary to the perspectives adhered by governments and other power structures in society, whether religious or secular. If his statements are analyzed further, it would definitely appear

Research psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research psychology - Essay Example The feared situations can vary from interpersonal social interactions in small groups to talking to strangers. Performance fears, such as speaking in public, also are common. People with social anxiety disorder either avoid feared situations or experience them with extreme anxiety. Most individuals with the disorder have the more severe, "generalized" type, in which the person has other social fears in addition to the common fear of public speaking. Many researchers have conducted research in the area with varying recommendations. Much has been researched on social anxiety and how it affects peoples’ lives. Usually many researches have looked at the causes of social anxiety and how it could be treated. SARA W.holds that one–fifth of patients with social anxiety disorder also suffers from an alcohol use disorder (AUDs). They have argued that one of the theories that can be attributed to this is the tension reduction theory, which proposes that people with social anxiety use alcohol to alleviate their fears. This expectation that alcohol reduces anxiety may motivate alcohol consumption even if pharmacological studies do not support that assumption. She holds that social anxiety disorder is treatable with both pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. Some researchers have also attributed social anxiety disorders to environmental risk factors such as parenting (Ollendick & Hirshfeld-Becker, 2002). Although the role of parenting has emerged as a small but significant risk factor, less research has focused on parent psychopathology. This lack of attention may be due, in part, to the difficulty in separating out genetic contributions from environmental impact. Despite this, there is some evidence that parents with specific disorders contribute significantly to an increased rate of many childhood and adolescence disorders, potentially even within a particular developmental pathway (Stranger 1999; Burstein

Goodman Fielder's strategic market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Goodman Fielder's strategic market - Essay Example One of the major effects of globalization is the increasing demand for products to meet humanity's needs. This globalized environment is such that for companies to remain competitive they must remain vigilant in response to the changing nature of consumer needs. In regards to Goodman Fielder, these tenants hold penetratingly true, as they strive towards success with the development of a unique rice cracker. Prior research speaks to product demand in these regards. This is pivotal research as it involves product differentiation that creates customer loyalty and the product's overall market value. While product sales are a pivotal aspect of the intentions, developing customer loyalty through producing the product at the most advantageous juncture of quality and value is another core concern. The appendixes include estimates in regards to consumer preferences. These estimates are part of a study that utilizes consumers between ages 25-35. After establishing product differentiation, it's also necessary to consider that Goodman Fielder must remain consistently vigilant to ensure their continued market relevance. Ultimately, recommendations are advanced that explore the product's main value and the current market opportunities for incoming companies. These recommendations constitute the final device to gauge and ensure market success and product viability. In terms of Goodman Fielder, the market outlook is positive for their rice cracker product. Goodman Fielder has become one of the potential firms situated in the distribution of the commodities.

Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods Essay Example for Free

Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods Essay There are different research methods that have been guided by different philosophy of science that were developed by philosopher, researcher and sociologist at their time of era. The well-known research methods are quantitative research methods. Quantitative are numerical methods associated with deductive approaches. Quantitative research methods are usually guided by the principles of positivism as it takes on objective reality and accepts single reality. Quantitative methods are usually used to measure size, observe numerical change over time, audience segmentation, testing hypothesis, and, quantifying attitudes, behaviors and opinions. The main importance of quantitative research is on deductive reasoning which tends to move from the general to the specific. The validity of conclusions is shown to be dependent on one or more premises being valid. For example, All students who study MBA in Kathmandu University works in a bank. Seema studies in MBA in Kathmandu University. Based on the premises, we can say that Seema works in a bank. Premises used in deductive reasoning are important because faulty premises can lead to wrong conclusions. Another popular method is qualitative method, which are usually associated with inductive approaches. Qualitative research methods are used on subjective matter, as in-depth study to explore subject matter. Qualitative research methods are guided by philosophies as post-positivism, critical theory, and constructivism. Qualitative research methods offer different kinds of ways to investigate on research problems as interview methods, focused group discussions,case studies and many others to understand the certain circumstances or culture in the society. The approach adopted by qualitative researchers tends to be inductive which means that they develop a theory or look for a pattern of meaning on the basis of the data that they have collected. This involves a move from the specific to the general and is sometimes called a bottom-up approach. However, most research projects also involve a certain degree of deductive reasoning (Trochim, 2005). Quantitative Research is more about collecting numerical data to study about certain phenomena. For example, what percentage of Nepalese student who go to US for foreign degree complete graduate course in United States? Other examples may be what percentage of Nepalese students who are studying in TU have negative attitude towards TU administrations. One usually has to use quantitative research when one wants answer in numbers. However, one has to study about complex situations and go with in-depth studies then qualitative methods should be used. For example, researcher wants to know how people view politics in Nepal? Similarly, a researcher wants to do ethnographic study of the culture of Tharus of Nepal and lives with Tharu for some years, immerse himself/herself in that environment to discover the meanings, convention of behavior, and ways of thinking important in tharu cultures. Similarly, even though the selection of research methods are based upon the problem selected, resource available, the skills of researcher and audience of the research, both the methodologies are also used together in a research which is known as mixed methods. â€Å"Mixed methods often combine nomothetic and idiographic approaches in an attempt to serve the dual purposes of generalization and in-depth understanding—to gain an overview of social regularities from a larger sample while understanding the other through detailed study of a smaller sample. Full integration of these approaches is difficult, hence the predominance of component studies†(Pat Bazeley, 2004) References (Bazeley, 2004) Social Research Methods. (n.d.). Retrieved December 12, 2012, from www.socialresearchmethods. net: http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/positivism (2005). In W. M. Trochium, Research Methods (2nd ed.).

The Search for Dostoyevsky in Crime and Punishment Essay -- Crime and

The Search for Dostoyevsky in Crime and Punishment   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky who is known as a great novelist wrote timeless classics such as The Idiot, Crime and Punishment, and The Brothers Karamazov, was not only a novelist, but a good psychologist who uncovered the secret sides of the human beings in a very effective way. His novels also affected Freud, Nietzsche, and Joyce. However there is one point that is a mystery. Did Dostoyevsky really reflect his own feelings, especially his fears, into the characters of his novels?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fyodor was born in Moscow on October 30 in 1821 in Hospital for the poor, the second of seven children. His mother Mme Marya Feodorovna and father Dr. M. Andrey Dostoyevsky whose surname comes from a small village, Dostoevo, came from the Lithuanian nobility. Dr. Dostoyevsky’s father was a priest in Ukrainia who wanted his son to be a priest like him. However, Andrey ran away from home to become a doctor when he was fifteen. He was accepted to the Imperial Medical-Surgical Academy in 1809, and continued his career in various hospitals. Fyodor’s only elder brother Mikhail was born in 1820, one year earlier than Fyodor (Troyat 37).   They lived in a small apartment on the hospital grounds for a long time. When Fyodor reached the age of thirteen, Dr. Dostoyevsky became a nobleman, and moved to Darovoe where he bought a small land about 150 versts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dostoyevsky mentioned about his mother with a great love. According to him, she was a cheerful, warm and adorable person. He lost her mother in 1837 when he was about sixteen. His father, however, draws a contrast portrait with his mother. He suffered from headaches that affected his character deeply in a negative way. Althou... ...rform, and made him feel like a murderer. This is the fear of a lonely person which forced him to create his unique characters. Many times, I feel guilty as if I committed a murder.† F. M. Dostoyevsky Works Cited Conradi, Peter J.   Fyodor Dostoevsky.  Basingstoke : Macmillan , 1988. Dostoyevsky,   Fyodor.   Crime  and  Punishment. New York: The Modern Library, 1950. Frank,   Joseph.  Dostoyevsky The  Seeds  of  Revolt   18211849.  Princeton:   Princeton UP,  1976.   Frank,   Joseph.   Dostoyevsky The  Years   of   Ordeal   1850 - 1859.   Princeton:   Princeton UP,   1983.   Jones,   Malcolm.   Dostoyevsky   After   Bakhtin Readings   in   Dostoyevsky’s   Fantastic Realism.   Cambridge:   Cambridge UP,  1990. Simmons, Ernest J.   Dostoyevsky The making of a novelist.   London:   John Lehmann Ltd,  1950. Troyat, Henri.   Dostoyevsky. Istanbul: Cem Yay?nevi,  1973.        

Arthur Miller’s The Crucible Essay

A crucible is defined as a severe trial or a container in which metals are melted at very high temperatures. Much like how metals mold to a new shape at very high temperatures, people change when severe trials and challenges present themselves. When innocent lives are lost, a person will realize the wrongs and attempt to make things right again. The character John Hale must forget his old teachings and way of life to try to return the town of Salem to a peaceful community. In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, Reverend John hale transforms from a prideful prosecutor of witches to a humble defender of the accused because of the guilt he experiences over the innocent lives lost during the Salem witch trials. Reverend John Hale arrives in Salem as a prideful man with intentions of persecuting the accused of witchcraft and ridding the town of all evil. Author Arthur Miller says of Hale, â€Å"This is a beloved errand of him; on being called here to ascertain witchcraft he felt the pride of the specialist whose unique knowledge has at last been publicly called for.†(Miller 1252) Miller explains that the reverend has great pride in having the opportunity to show off his skills to rid the town of Salem of witchcraft. His skills in the beginning of the trials come from his books instead of from his own intuitions. Reverend Hale brings many books into the town in order to use their knowledge to persecute the accused. He believes these books to be infallible, and they cause him to believe that he will solve all of the town’s problems with them. Along with the knowledge from his books, he speaks, â€Å"with a tasty love of intellectual pursuit.†(Miller 1257) These stage directions imply that Hale thirsts to be the all-knowing savior of Salem. In his early days at Salem this thirst and his faith in the judicial system guide him to find the suspected witches and deal with them accordingly. The reverend’s early thirst for heroism soon vanishes as the trials pursue and more unexpected people in Salem are accused of witchcraft. Hale travels to the Proctor residence by his accord, without the court’s authority, to learn more about them because Elizabeth Proctor has been mentioned in the court. Learning about the faith life of Elizabeth, Hale starts to question whether all of the accused participate in witchcraft, and doubt of the infallible judicial system starts to arise in him. This doubt grows as he says to Judge Danforth about the trials, â€Å"But is does not follow that everyone accused is part of it.†(Miller 1300) He realizes now that the accused are given no chance to plead innocent without the sure fate of death. Hale sees flaw in the judicial system that he has lived by, and wonders if the many he has condemned to death had no opportunity at all to seek innocence. Knowing that the accused have no chance for survival but through confession of witchcraft, Hale proclaims, â€Å"I have this morning signed away the soul of Rebecca Nurse, Your Honor. I’ll not conceal it, my hand shakes yet as with a wound!†(Miller 1301) He knows that Rebecca has a good life of faith, and she will most definitely be condemned to death by the so called infallible judicial system because of him. Hale shows the feeling of guilt by signing away the life of Goody Nurse, and realizes that he must try to defend the accused because the court will not. Hale loses all motivation to condemn the accused and no longer holds pride in himself or his judicial system. With his motivation to seek out witches now gone, Hale believes many of the accused to be innocent and tries to convince this to the court. He tells Judge Danforth, â€Å"I beg you, stop now before another is condemned! I may not shut my conscience to it no more—private vengeance is working through this testimony! From the beginning this man has struck me true. By my oath to Heaven, I believe him now.†(Miller 1311) His guilt pushes him to defend the accused in front of the judge so that their blood will not be on his hands. Hale knows his association with the courts will result in the loss of innocent lives, and he cannot live with himself knowing this. Knowing now that the court operates with error, he quits it and denounces its proceedings. John Hale no longer want to participate in the court’s murdering of the innocent, and feels guilty for the lives that he has already condemned through the judicial system. Hale now knows that he needs to think for himself rather than following the laws and rules of the judicial system he has lived by his whole life. Working separate from the court, the reverend says, â€Å"I come to do the Devil’s work. I come to counsel Christians they should belie themselves.†(Miller 1325) Hale knows that the only way to rid the guilt from his mind is to convince the accused to lie and confess so that their lives may be saved. He has lost faith in the court system that will condemn innocent lives, and, throwing away his pride, puts out one last effort to save some of the lives he has condemned. His motivation has changed from condemning the witches in the town to attempting to save the accused. As his efforts are about to fail, he drops to his knees and says, â€Å"What profit him to bleed? Shall the dust praise him? Shall the worms declare his truth? Go to him, take his shame away!†(Miller 1334) His efforts to defend the accused fail, and guilt overwhelms him. Reverend John Hale cannot live with the innocent lives he has sentenced to murder and is humbled as the accused are led to their death. â€Å"Cleave to no faith when faith brings blood†(Miller 1326) says a transformed reverend as the Salem witch trials come to an end. Reverend Hale loses not only his faith in the judicial system, but also in the God who he believed to be too perfect to allow these tragic events to happen. He humbles himself because the pride that he once had leads to the death innocent lives in Salem. In The Crucible by Arthur Miller, Reverend John Hale changes from a prideful prosecutor of the witches to a humble defender of the accused because of the guilt that overwhelms him due to the innocent blood shed at his hands during the Salem witch trials.